Short Notes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Evaporative water loss (EWL) occurs principally across the skin (cutaneous water loss, CWL) of terrestrial reptiles (Shoemaker and Nagy, 1977; Mautz, 1982), but EWL also occurs across respiratory passages (respiratory water loss) and the eyes (ocular water loss) (Mautz, 1982). Over 70% of EWL in agamid lizards is from CWL (Eynan and Dmi’el, 1993). The factors determining the rate of CWL are skin resistance (Davis et al., 1980) and vapour density difference between the epidermis and the surrounding atmosphere (Zucker, 1980). Vapour density difference increases with increasing environmental temperature and wind speed and decreasing humidity and size of the animal (Davis et al., 1980). Respiratory water loss increases with aridity of habitat in agamid lizards (Leclaire, 1978). Ocular water loss may be a signi cant component of water loss where no signi cant barrier, such as transparent, spectacled eye-lids, exists (Mautz, 1982). Reptiles inhabiting extremely desiccating environments, such as deserts, require exceptionally ef cient water preserving mechanisms. CWL is usually relatively low in reptiles of such environments (Shoemaker and Nagy, 1977). Some lizards may have physiological adaptations to control CWL as they become dehydrated (Kobayashi et al., 1983; Dmi’el et al., 1997). Without such adaptations, EWL in lizards in a seasonal tropical environment is determined by the animal’s activity (Heatwole and Vernon, 1977) and the environmental variables of temperature (Thorpe and Kontagiannis, 1977) and humidity (Hillman and Gorman, 1977). Although lizards of wet-dry tropical areas experience reasonably uniform temperatures throughout the year, they encounter a vast range of seasonal humidities and rainfall, and many species reduce activities during the driest times of the year as a response
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